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Unsolved Mysteries

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Published December 22, 2025

Morning Report — Not Your Typical Medical Newsletter

We get it, you see a lot of medical newsletters, so hear us out. Once a month, we’ll highlight important medical news sprinkled with witty commentary, fun facts, giveaways, and more… because learning should be fun! Subscribe to receive the Morning Report directly.

Good morning! Buddy the Elf said, “The best way to spread Christmas cheer is singing loud for all to hear.” True—but he skipped the peer-reviewed part. Research shows singing also boosts immunity, sharpens cognition, eases pain, supports healthy aging, and helps fight depression. But Buddy’s food pyramid was 90% frosting—so not exactly a thought leader in preventive medicine.

The mechanism makes sense—singing requires language, emotion, and motor control all firing at once. Every fa-la-la tickles the vagus nerve and floods the system with endorphins—not to mention the posture and breath control required to nail “five golden rings.”

Finally, group singing outperforms solo across every measure. But unless you’re trapped in Love Actually with unresolved feelings, there’s really no need to carol alone.

Lupus’s Origin Story May Be Going Viral 

AUTOIMMUNE ANSWERS

Lupus affects more than 5 million people worldwide, yet its cause remains one of medicine’s unsolved mysteries. But like a true crime podcast comment section, there’s no shortage of theories: genetic predisposition, hormonal shifts, environmental exposures, and viral culprits. While all likely contribute, new research casts Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as a major driver—and finally reveals a possible mechanism.

The smoking B cell

“For decades, epidemiologic and immunologic studies have shown unusually strong associations between EBV and lupus, but the field lacked a mechanistic explanation,” says study co-author Dr. William Robinson. That changed when his team used single-cell sequencing to track individual EBV-infected B cells. They found that in healthy individuals, these cells are rare and quiet. In patients with lupus, they’re 25 times more common—and alarmingly active. They present autoantigens, amplify inflammation, and disrupt immune regulation. Some EBV-infected B cells expressed EBNA2, a viral protein that activates lupus risk genes. These cells clustered within B cell populations linked to inflammation and showed potential to activate autoreactive T cells. So they may be kick-starting AND prolonging the autoimmune response.

The catch 

While the mechanism is persuasive, it needs broader validation in large-scale studies. But scalability may take time, given that the science relies on single-cell sequencing tech rarely seen outside of a grant-funded bubble.

Key takeaways 

This study captures EBV on cellular surveillance as a likely instigator of lupus pathology. The virus is already implicated in mono, Long COVID, cancer, and multiple sclerosis, so it’s building a diabolical résumé. How do patients avoid it? Live a hermetically sealed life, suggests Robinson, because anything less leaves you with 20-to-1 odds of exposure. So unless you’re Howard Hughes, the goal isn’t avoiding infection—it’s managing the fallout. Current lupus treatments, like corticosteroids, aim broadly at tamping down inflammation. Future therapies could go straight for the source: B cells infected with EBV. Or better yet, focus on vaccination—an EBV vaccine is already in clinical trials.

For more education on autoimmune diseases, check out this CME activity: A Primary Care Guide to Ordering and Interpreting Rheumatology Labs


On-Demand Hypnosis May Cool Hot Flashes 

MENOPAUSE MINUTE

Nearly 80% of women battle hot flashes during the menopause transition—and many want nonhormonal relief. One research-backed option is therapist-delivered hypnosis, known to cool hot flashes faster than a TV hypnotist lulling someone into a false confession. But with too few therapists and high costs, access remains limited. So, could self-hypnosis deliver similar results?

“You are getting very sleepy cool”

Researchers from Baylor selected 250 postmenopausal women experiencing hot flashes for a randomized clinical trial pitting self-hypnosis against a sham control. For six weeks, participants pressed play on a 20-minute daily audio recording featuring either hypnotic cooling imagery—think, “you are a serene glacier”—or plain white noise, framed as relaxation. The hypnosis group cut their hot flash scores by a statistically significant 53%, while the sham group still saw a surprisingly solid 41% drop—suggesting white noise and a good placebo pitch can go a long way. At three-month follow-up, the gap widened to 61% vs 41%. (Breast cancer survivors reported the greatest improvement.) Participants also reported less daily interference and stronger overall benefits with real hypnosis. Once the study wrapped, many women kept listening—no reminders needed.

Questions remain

With a demographically narrow sample—mostly White, college-educated women—the study leaves questions about generalizability. Researchers also don’t know how long the benefits last once the mental glacier melts. Larger, more diverse studies to come.

Key takeaways

Self-guided hypnosis meaningfully reduced the frequency and severity of hot flashes while boosting sleep, mood, and overall quality of life. With zero side effects and full compatibility with other treatments, it slides easily into existing care plans. As for the audio, it’s as accessible as your headphones, with a wait time shorter than a podcast ad. The recordings used in the study now live inside the Evia app, developed in collaboration with the study’s lead author. For now, it’s the only clinically backed option—but give it a minute and the app store will be crawling with breathy narrators offering a scenic mental detour through the Arctic.

For more education on menopausal symptoms, check out this CME activity: Clinical Updates and Practical Considerations in Menopause Care


 Guideline Updates

New ACS Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines

The American Cancer Society now allows for self-collected vaginal samples for primary HPV testing, though clinician-collected samples remain preferred. The 

guidelines also revise when individuals can stop screening, allowing those with consistently negative HPV or co-tests to safely exit screening between ages 60 and 65.

New WHO Guidelines on GLP-1 RAs for Obesity

The World Health Organization conditionally recommends long-term GLP-1 therapy for adults with obesity and pairing it with intensive behavioral therapy to enhance outcomes. The guidelines frame obesity as a chronic disease needing lifelong, person-centered care, and call for equitable access and system readiness to ensure effective, sustainable treatment.

Grounds for Optimism for Coffee Over Energy Drinks

SPECIAL CONTRIBUTOR—FRANK DOMINO, MD


It’s a dark and cold morning, and you’re in need of a pick-me-up. What to drink?

Most likely, the answer is coffee.

A recent systematic review and meta-analysisexamined the association between caffeinated coffee and energy drink consumption and suicide-related outcomes across multiple observational studies. Higher coffee intake (60 or more cups per month) correlated with lower rates of suicide attempts, adding to prior data linking coffee consumption to reduced risks of diabetes, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, and some cancers. Coffee is … pretty amazing—and steeped in growing evidence.

Energy drinks? They told a different story. Even infrequent consumption (as little as one per month) was associated with higher rates of suicidal ideation and attempts. Importantly, energy drink consumers were younger (<40 years) and had higher baseline mental health risk profiles, raising the possibility that underlying psychiatric illness, sleep disruption, or substance use may partially confound the findings. Still—grounds for concern.

This was not a causal study, but the pattern is striking. Coffee contains not only caffeine but also polyphenols and anti-inflammatory compounds that may have neuroprotective effects. Energy drinks combine caffeine with high-dose sugar, stimulants, and other additives and are often used in the setting of sleep deprivation or mood dysregulation.

So, when you (or your patients) need a boost, calling on a cup of joe may be a better bet than cracking open a can.

For more education on this topic, check out this CME podcast: Caffeine Contrasts: Coffee, Energy Drinks, and Suicide Risk Screening

Interested in more healthcare news? Here are some other articles we don’t want you to miss:


Morning Report is written by:

  • Alissa Scott, Author
  • Aylin Madore, MD, MEd, Editor
  • Margaret Oliverio, MD, Editor
  • Ariel Reinish, MD, MEd, Editor
  • Emily Ruge, Editor

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